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- ************************************
- * Alkaline phosphatase active site *
- ************************************
-
- Alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) (ALP) [1] is a zinc and magnesium-containing
- metalloenzyme which hydrolyzes phosphate esters, optimally at high pH. It is
- found in nearly all living organisms, with the exception of some plants. In
- Escherichia coli, ALP (gene phoA) is found in the periplasmic space. In yeast
- it (gene PHO8) is found in lysosome-like vacuoles and in mammals, it is a
- glycoprotein attached to the membrane by a GPI-anchor.
-
- In mammals, four different isozymes are currently known [2]. Three of them are
- tissue-specific: the placental, placental-like (germ cell) and intestinal
- isozymes. The fourth form is tissue non-specific and was previously known as
- the liver/bone/kidney isozyme.
-
- Streptomyces' species involved in the synthesis of streptomycin (SM), an
- antibiotic, express a phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.39) (gene strK) which is highly
- related to ALP. It specifically cleaves both streptomycin-6-phosphate and,
- more slowly, streptomycin-3"-phosphate.
-
- A serine is involved in the catalytic activity of ALP. The region around the
- active site serine is relatively well conserved and can be used as a signature
- pattern.
-
- -Consensus pattern: [IV]-x-D-S-[GAS]-[GASC]-[GAST]-[GA]-T
- [S is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: Caulobacter crescentus S-layer
- protein (rsaA).
- -Last update: June 1994 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Trowsdale J., Martin D., Bicknell D., Campbell I.
- Biochem. Soc. Trans. 18:178-180(1990).
- [ 2] Manes T., Glade K., Ziomek C.A., Millan J.L.
- Genomics 8:541-554(1990).
- [ 3] Mansouri K., Piepersberg W.
- Mol. Gen. Genet. 228:459-469(1991).
-